1. A cervical cytology sample is received for a 47-year-old perimenopausal woman with no history of abnormal uterine bleeding. The report notes the presence of normal-appearing endometrial cells. Why were normal endometrial cells reported in the cervical cytology sample?

2. A 57-year-old post-menopausal woman reports intermittent light bleeding. She had an HPV Not Detected primary screening result 6 months previously and an ultrasound now shows a thickened endometrium. What is the appropriate use of cervical cytology in the context of this possible endometrial pathology?

3. How is the shedding of endometrial cells (both normal and abnormal) from endometrial pathology generally characterised?

4. A cytopathologist is reviewing a slide and observes small, hyperchromatic cells in a cluster, suspected to be endometrial glandular cells. Which specific nuclear chromatin pattern should she/he observe to identify normal glandular endometrial cells?

5. A cervical cytology sample from a 35-year-old woman shows endometrial cells with enlarged, hyperchromatic, and sometimes multinucleated nuclei, along with marked cytoplasmic vacuolation. What is most likely associated with these specific morphological changes in endometrial cells?

6. A cervical cytology report notes the presence of atypical endometrial cells in a sample from a 37-year-old woman. What is the recommended action following the identification of atypical endometrial cells in a pre-menopausal woman?

7. When atypical glandular cells are observed in a cervical cytology sample, what is a recognised challenge in their assessment?

8. During the cytological examination of a sample from a 45-year-old patient with suspected endometrial pathology, the cytopathologist observes cells containing what appear to be engulfed inflammatory cells within their cytoplasm. What does this finding suggest?

9. A cytopathologist is examining a cervical cytology sample from a patient known to have endometrial adenocarcinoma. Compared to cells exfoliated from the uterine cavity, how are abnormal endometrial cells likely to appear in a cervical cytology sample if the tumour has invaded the endocervix and is directly sampled?

10. In a cervical cytology sample from a postmenopausal woman, what finding in the background should alert the cytopathologist to conduct a thorough search for potentially malignant endometrial cells?